Liquid Applicator for Delivering Vaccines

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to a liquid applicator, for administering liquids, including vaccines, to animals. In particular, the applicator is useful for delivering liquids to mouths of animals.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. ProvisionalPatent Application No. 62/458,428 filed on Feb. 13, 2017, which isincorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a liquid applicator and methods of use fordelivering formulations, including vaccines, to animals.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Disposable devices, including syringes, pipettes and other suchapplicators, are currently used to deliver fluids to the mouths andnoses of animals. Unfortunately, existing devices are not well-designedto provide safe and effective vaccination. Applicants thus sought todevelop an improved, ergonomic, liquid applicator, which contains anangled or flexible stem, which can deliver fluids, including vaccines,safely and effectively to animals in need thereof.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The disclosure is based upon the successful engineering of a liquidapplicator for delivering liquid formulations to animals. In an aspect,the disclosure provides an improved device for the rapid oraladministration of vaccines or other pharmaceutical agents to animals,including canine and feline animals, including puppies and kittens. Theapplicator may be pre-filled with sterile carrier liquid, which mayinclude but not be limited to water, surfactants, adjuvants,preservatives, and other non-immunogen, and/or pharmaceutically and/orveterinarily acceptable excipients. In other embodiments, the applicatoris not pre-filled and may be used to dispense vaccines or otherpharmaceutical active agents that are in the form of a liquid solution,emulsion or suspension. In one embodiment, to use the applicator, a useropens the applicators and dispenses or pours carrier liquid into a vialcontaining lyophilized immunogens. The user then blends the liquid withthe immunogens, and draws the resulting liquid formulation back into theapplicator by compressing and releasing the applicator's resilientreservoir. Finally, the user inserts the formulation-loaded applicatorinto the mouth of an animal to be vaccinated, compresses the resilientreservoir, thereby administering the liquid formulation to the animal.In other embodiments, the liquid applicator may be used to administer aliquid medicament to animals via other routes of administration (e.g.topical, nasal, ocular, otic, among others).

The disclosure includes a method of vaccinating an animal in need thereof comprising administering a liquid vaccine to the animal; e.g., usinga kit. Such a kit is found to increase the safety of the animal and theperson administering the vaccine to the anima. Such a method, applicatorand/or kit is found to reduce the anxiety of an animal in need ofvaccination while receiving the vaccination.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A is a side view of an embodiment of the liquid applicator.

FIG. 1B is a perspective view of a second embodiment of the liquidapplicator.

FIG. 2 is a side view showing a vial into which a carrier liquid isadded and from which an applicator is inserted to draw up a blendedliquid formulations.

FIG. 3A is a side view illustrating the second embodiment of FIG. 1B ofthe applicator.

FIG. 3B is an expanded view of a portion of FIG. 3A.

FIG. 3C is a cross sectional view of along line 3C of FIG. 3A.

FIG. 4A is a perspective view of a third embodiment having one reservoirfor containing liquid carrier and another reservoir for drawing up andadministering liquid formulation.

FIG. 4B is an alternative configuration for the distal end of the stemshown in FIG. 4A.

FIG. 5A is a schematic of a kit for oral vaccination 500 comprising anapplicator with carrier liquid and a vial containing lyophilizedimmunogen.

FIG. 5B is an illustration of kit of FIG. 5A after opening the kit andremoving a seal from the distal end of the applicator.

FIG. 5C is an illustration of the distal end of the applicator of FIG.5B inserted into the vial.

FIG. 5D is an illustration of the carrier liquid of FIG. 5C forced intothe vile and admixed with the lyophilized immunogen to form a blendedvaccine formulation.

FIG. 5E is an illustration of the blended vaccine formulation in theapplicator.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

With reference to the figures, embodiments are described with regard forthe best mode and preferred embodiment. In a general sense, thedescription includes a pipette-type liquid applicator 100/200/300 foradministering liquid formulations, including vaccine formulations, toanimals, e.g., per os. The applicator 100/200/300 includes at least oneresilient reservoir 10 a/10 b/10 c and stem 20 a/20 b/20 c for drawing aliquid into the applicator and expelling a liquid, e.g., a blendedvaccine formulation 600 from the applicator. In an embodiment, theblended vaccine formulation may comprise one or more lyophilizedimmunogens. Once the applicator is opened via removal of a seal, e.g.,seal 25 a/25 b or seal 12, a carrier liquid 202 may be poured ordispensed into vial 400/402 containing one or more lyophilizedimmunogens 403, e.g., a vaccine component. Once the carrier liquid 202is sufficiently blended with the lyophilized immunogen 403, e.g., thevaccine component, to form a blended vaccine formulation 600, theresilient reservoir 10 a/10 b/10 c is compressed by squeezing (e.g.,204) to generate suction to draw up the blended vaccine formulation,re-inserted into the vial, and the reservoir released. Due to theresulting vacuum, the formulation is thereby urged through the distalopening 27 of the stem 20 a/20 b/20 c and into the reservoir 10 a/10b/10 c. In an embodiment, the combined volume of the reservoir 10 a/10b/10 c and stem 20 a/20 b/20 c is large enough to accommodate and/ordeliver at least one dose of blended vaccine formulation 600 to ananimal per os. After the blended vaccine formulation 600 is loaded intothe applicator 100/200/300, the distal end e.g., 27 is inserted into themouth of an animal to be vaccinated, and the reservoir 10 a/10 b/10 c iscompressed to deliver the formulation into the mouth of the animal,e.g., a buccal surface, or buccal cavity thereof.

In an embodiment, with reference to FIG. 1A, applicator 100 compriseshollow stem 20 a in fluid communication with reservoir 10 a. Stem 20 ais bounded at a distal end by frangible seal 25 a. Tab 9 a bounds thereservoir end of the applicator. Stem 200 a further comprises a bend andtwo linear stem regions 102 and 104. In an embodiment, the stem regions102, 104, defining axes A and B respectively may intersect to form angletheta (θ). In an embodiment the stem regions 102, 104 may have a lengthratio of from 10:1 to 1:10; or from 5:1 to 1:5 or from 3:1 to 1:3; orfrom 1:2 to 2:1.

In an embodiment, with reference to FIG. 1B, applicator 200 compriseshollow stem 20 b in fluid communication with reservoir 10 b. Stem 20 bis bounded at a distal end by frangible seal 25 b. Graspable tab 9 bbounds the reservoir 10 b end of applicator 200. Stem 20 b furthercomprises a bend and two linear stem regions 106 and 108. In anembodiment the stem regions 106, 108, defining axes A′ and B′respectively may intersect to form angle theta (θ). Stem regions 106,108 may have a length ratio of from 10:1 to 1:10; or from 5:1 to 1:5 orfrom 3:1 to 1:3; or from 1:2 to 2:1. In an embodiment, stem region 106may further comprise one or more longitudinal stiffeners 15, 17.Longitudinal stiffeners 15 and 17, that in part join stem 20 b toreservoir 10 b, may be adapted to allow stem 20 b to resist deformationduring applicator 100 use. In an embodiment, diametrically disposed tabs28 a and 28 b provide a support surface for a user to grasp whileremoving seal 25 b. Tabs 28 a, 28 b may allow distal end 27 to remainfully opened and resist deformation during use. Tab 9 (e.g., formed bythermosealing of the reservoir) may be grasped by a user, for example,to avoid prematurely dispensing vaccine (i.e. prior to achieving optimalplacement in the animal's mouth).

In another embodiment, with respect to FIG. 4A, applicator 300 compriseshollow stem 20 c in fluid communication with reservoir 10 c. Stem 20 cis bounded at a distal end 27 c. Applicator 300 may comprise separate,e.g., separated reservoirs 11, wherein reservoir 11 contains a liquidcarrier. Reservoir 10 c is resilient, and functions as an elasticsuction bulb. In this embodiment, a seal at the distal end 27 of stem 20c may be omitted, since the first reservoir 11 has its own frangibleseal 12. In other words, only one seal is required for retaining thecarrier liquid within the applicator as provided to the user. As isvisible in FIG. 4A, sealing region 13 defines a barrier betweenreservoirs 10 c and 11.

In both the single and multi-reservoir embodiments, application ofmechanical force (e.g. a user squeezing thumb and finger around thereservoir) expels liquid contents, and release of mechanical force (e.g.user releasing thumb and finger from around the reservoir) generates thesuction required to draw up the liquid.

In some embodiments, the applicator may comprise fused dual or doublestems 20, e.g., to provide a stiffer stem 20 while, e.g., concomitantlydecreasing residual volume of liquid formulation.

The embodiments of the description include one or more of the following.

Embodiment 1 may be an applicator 100/200/300, e.g., for containing,e.g, sealably containing, a carrier liquid 202 and for delivering aveterinarily acceptable nutraceutical, pharmaceutical or biologicalformulation 600 to an animal in need thereof, the applicator comprising:

a resilient and/or elongated reservoir 10 a/10 b/10 c, defining alongitudinal axis A/A′. an elongate, angled, hollow stem 20 a/20 b/20 c,adapted to be inserted into the animal's mouth, the stem 20 a/20 b/20 ccomprising proximal (102 a/106 a) and distal ends (e.g., 104/108/27),the proximal end 102 a/106 a operably connected to and in fluidcommunication with the reservoir 10 a/10 b/10 c, and distal end (e.g.,104/108/27) serving as a conduit through which a liquid exits and entersthe applicator;

wherein the applicator is adapted to sealably contain a carrier liquid202 to be dispensed;

and adapted to dispense the carrier liquid 202 upon the application ofmechanical pressure to the reservoir 10 a/10 b/10 c, and adapted to drawthe liquid back into the reservoir when the mechanical pressure is firstapplied to the reservoir and then released while the reservoir is influid communication with a liquid 600; and

Embodiment 1 may also comprise a frangible seal 25 a/25 b wherein exitand entry of fluid from the applicator is blocked until the frangibleseal is broken.

Embodiment 1 may also comprise an applicator 100/200/300 adapted todeliver a liquid composition to an animal per os, comprising a resilientand/or elongated reservoir defining a longitudinal axis, an elongate,angled, hollow stem adapted to be inserted into the animal's mouth, thestem comprising proximal and distal ends, the proximal end operablyconnected to and in fluid communication with the reservoir and thedistal end adaptable to allow liquid to exit and enter the applicator;and wherein the applicator is adapted to sealably contain a carrierliquid of the liquid composition to be dispensed to the animal.

Embodiment 2 may comprise an applicator 300 for sealably containing acarrier liquid and for delivering a veterinarily acceptablenutraceutical, pharmaceutical or biological formulation to an animal inneed thereof, the applicator comprising at least a first reservoirdefining an axis A″, adapted to contain a carrier liquid to bedispensed; at least a second reservoir 10 c, the second reservoir 10 coptionally coaxial with the first reservoir, resilient and elongated,and adapted to draw liquid into the second reservoir 10 c whenmechanical pressure is first applied to the second reservoir 10 c andthen released while the second reservoir is in fluid communication withthe liquid;

an elongated, optionally angled, hollow stem 20 c, adapted to beinserted into the animal's mouth, the stem 20 c comprising proximal 106b and distal 27 c ends, the proximal end 106 c operably connected to andcapable of fluid communication with the second reservoir 10 c and notthe first reservoir, and the distal end 27 c defining a conduit throughwhich the liquid exits and enters the applicator.

Embodiment 2 may comprise a first frangible seal 12 wherein fluid exitof the liquid from the first reservoir is blocked until a firstfrangible seal 12 is broken.

Embodiment 3 may comprise the applicator of embodiment 1, wherein aportion of the stem defines an axis B/B′ and the axis is angled to anangle theta (θ) wherein theta is from about 0 to about 40 degrees, withrespect to the longitudinal axis A/A′.

Embodiment 4 may comprise the applicator of embodiment 2, wherein thestem is angled to an angle theta (θ) wherein theta is from about 0 toabout 40 degrees, with respect to the longitudinal axis A/A′.

Embodiment 5 may comprise the applicator of embodiment 3 or 4, whereintheta is from about 0 to about 35, or from about 15 to about 35, about20 to about 30 degrees, or about 25 degrees.

Embodiment 6 may comprise the applicator of embodiment 3, wherein thedistal end of the stem is sealed by a frangible seal 25 a/25 b.

Embodiment 6 may further comprise the frangible seal 25 a/25 b breakableby a twisting or torqued force.

Embodiment 7 may comprise the applicator of embodiment 4, wherein thedistal end of the first reservoir 11 is sealed by a frangible sealingmeans 12 configured to be broken, e.g., by a twisting motion or torque,thereby permitting the liquid to be poured out of the applicator.

Embodiment 8 may comprise the applicator of embodiment 3, wherein thestem is for suction of liquids by vacuum created by compressing theresilient reservoir and thereafter gradually releasing the compressionof the resilient reservoir.

Embodiment 8 may further comprise the stem in fluid communication with,and is substantially in airtight connection with, the reservoir, oncethe sealing means is broken.

Embodiment 9 may comprise the applicator of embodiment 5, wherein aninside surface of the resilient reservoir and stem are smooth andwithout projections or depressions.

Embodiment to may comprise the applicator of embodiment 5, wherein atransition between an inside surface of the resilient reservoir and aninside surface of the stem is smooth and without edges.

Embodiment 11 may comprise the applicator of embodiment 5, wherein thestem angle is optimized to reduce the amount of residual blended vaccineformulation after a single compression of the resilient reservoir.

Embodiment 12 may comprise the applicator of embodiment 5, wherein lessthan about 10% to about 20% (v/v) of the blended vaccine formulationremains in the resilient reservoir after a single compression of theresilient reservoir.

Embodiment 13 may comprise the applicator of embodiment 12, wherein lessthan about 15% (v/v) of the formulation remains in the resilientreservoir after two compressions of the resilient reservoir.

Embodiment 14 may comprise the applicator of embodiment 4, wherein thefirst reservoir and second reservoir are not in fluid communication withone another, and are blow-molded from a single piece of polymericmaterial.

Embodiment 15 may comprise the applicator of embodiment 4, wherein thefirst reservoir is resilient enough to be compressed, but not soresilient that when the frangible sealing means is broken, the mereholding force causes the liquid contained within the first reservoir tobe expelled.

With respect, for example, to FIG. 5, embodiment 16 may comprise amethod of vaccinating an animal in need thereof comprising the steps of:

providing an applicator (100/2000/300) according to any one of theproceeding embodiments;

breaking at least one sealing means (25 a/25 b/12), e.g., to allow aliquid carrier to be dispensed from the applicator;

optionally inserting the distal end (104/108/27) into the vial 402;

dispensing the liquid carrier into a vial (402) containing lyophilizedimmunogen 403; blending the liquid carrier and the lyophilized vaccineto produce the desired solution or suspension 600;

optionally removing the distal end from the vial;

compressing the resilient reservoir 10 a/10 b/10 c (e.g., to position204);

optionally ensuring that the distal end of the stem is open to theexternal environment; inserting the open distal end into the vial suchthat the distal end is in fluid communication with the now blendedvaccine formulation 600;

releasing the compression (204) of the resilient reservoir, therebydrawing up the blended vaccine formulation through the stem 20 a/200b/20 c and into the resilient reservoir 10 a/10 b/10 c;

inserting the distal end (27) of the applicator into the mouth of theanimal to be vaccinated;

compressing the resilient reservoir to apply the blended vaccineformulation inside the mouth of the animal.

The present invention also encompasses any of the embodiments 1 to 15described above wherein the applicator of the invention is usedadministering a liquid solution, suspension or emulsion containing avaccine or pharmaceutical agent that does not require reconstitutionwith water or another liquid to an animal in need thereof. In thisalternate embodiment, the applicator is not pre-filled with areconstituting liquid and the liquid, suspension or emulsion containingthe vaccine or pharmaceutical agent in a vial or other container isdirectly drawn into the empty applicator for subsequently administeringthe solution to the animal.

It will also be appreciated that the present invention encompassesadministration of a vaccine or other pharmaceutical agent in the form ofa liquid solution, suspension or emulsion to an animal via other routesof administration including, but not limited to, topical administration(to the skin), ocular administration, otic administration (via ear),nasal administration, rectal or vaginal administration, or byinhalation.

With respect, for example, to FIG. 5A, 5B, 5C, 5D, 5E, an alternativeembodiment 16 may comprise a method of vaccinating an animal in needthereof comprising the steps of:

providing an applicator 100/200

breaking the frangible seal 25 a/25 b e.g., to allow a liquid carrier202 to be dispensed from the applicator;

optionally inserting the distal end 104/108/27 into a vial 400/402containing lyophilized immunogen 403;

dispensing the liquid carrier into the vial;

sufficiently blending the liquid carrier and the lyophilized immunogento produce a blended vaccine formulation;

optionally removing the distal end;

compressing the resilient reservoir;

optionally ensuring that the distal end of the stem is open to theexternal environment;

inserting the open distal end into the vial such that the distal end isin fluid communication with the blended vaccine formulation;

releasing the compression of the resilient reservoir, thereby drawing upthe blended vaccine formulation through the stem, and optionally, intothe resilient reservoir;

inserting the distal end into the mouth of the animal to be vaccinated;

compressing the resilient reservoir to administer the blended vaccineformulation inside the mouth of the animal.

Embodiment 17 may comprise the method of embodiment 16, wherein theapplicator has only one reservoir, which serves the multiple purposesof: containing the carrier liquid, dispensing the carrier liquid intothe vial, drawing up the vaccine formulation into the applicator, andfinally, delivering the vaccine formulation to the animal.

Embodiment 18 may comprise the method of embodiment 16, wherein thereare only two reservoirs:

a first reservoir for containing and dispensing the liquid carrier; and

a second reservoir for drawing up and expelling blended vaccineformulation.

Embodiment 19 may comprise the method of any one of embodiments 16 to18, wherein the animal is a canine and the vaccine comprises aprotective immunogen capable of providing the canine with protectiveimmunity against a rabies virus or a Bordetella virus; or alternatively,a pathogen selected from the group consisting of an influenza virus, aparainfluenza virus, a canine influenza virus, a bordatella virus, arabies virus a parvovirus, an adenovirus, and a distempter virus.

Embodiment 20 may comprise the method of embodiment 19, wherein onevaccination is protective in the canine for at least 1 year, or at least3 years, or from 0.5 years to about 1 year, or from about 0.5 years toabout 2 years, or from about 0.5 years to about 3 years.

Embodiment 21 may comprise a kit 500 comprising an applicator100/200/300 and a sealed vial 400/402 comprising a lyophilizedimmunogen.

Applicator Production.

The applicator may generally be produced according to the followingsteps: 1) Blow Fill Seal; 2) printing or labelling; and 3) packaging(e.g. bags of 25). The sealed reservoir may be pre-filled with water andsuitable, e.g., veterinarily acceptable, excipients. In someembodiments, a 1.0 ml dose is recoverable from the applicator, taking inaccount: residual volume in 3 cc vial and tube, any loss while openingthe tip (splashing), any water loss/intake through the tube walls andthrough the entire shelf-life of liquid carrier (e.g. diluent; 36months). In some embodiments, the estimated filling volume of theapplicator may be from about 1 mL to about 3 mL, or from about 1.1 mL toabout 2.5 mL, or from about 1.2 to about 2.0 mL, or from about 1.3 mL toabout 1.8 mL, or from about 13 to about 14 mL.

In other embodiments for delivering larger volumes, the filling volumeof the applicator may be from about 2 mL to about to mL, from about 2 mLto about 8 mL or from about 3 mL to about 6 mL. In other embodiments,the filling volume of the applicator may be larger than about to mLincluding from about to mL to about too mL, from about to mL to about 80mL or from about to mL to about 50 mL. In yet other embodiments, thefill volume of the applicator may be from about 20 mL to about 50 mL,from about 30 mL to about 50 mL or from about 40 mL to about 50 mL Theapplicator may be made of any suitable material, including but notlimited to LDPE, MDPE and HDPE.

The amount of dry material to be reconstituted with liquid will dependon the dose to be administered. Accordingly, various dosages may beadministered with applicators having different fill volumes. In someembodiments, the amount of dry material (e.g. lyophilized material) inthe vial or other container which is reconstituted with liquid prior todispensing may be from about 0.01 grams to about 5 grams or more. Moretypically, the weight of the material to be reconstituted may be fromabout 0.01 grams to about 1 gram or from about 0.01 grams to about 0.5grams. In other embodiments, the weight of dry material that will bereconstituted will be from about 0.01 grams to about 0.25 grams or fromabout 0.05 grams to about 0.15 grams. In yet another embodiment, theamount of dry material that is reconstituted with liquid is about 0.1grams.

Advantages

In some embodiments, the applicator is intuitive and easy to open foradults, including veterinarians. In some embodiments, no sharp edges arecreated during removal of the tip/seal.

In some embodiments, the applicator is adapted to allow the user todispense into and then withdraw from a 3 cc vial. As indicated in FIG.2, the applicator should be able to be inserted into a vial having thefollowing dimensions (in inches):

A) Crown O.D. about 0.517

B) Neck Depth about 0.030R MIN.

C) Neck I.D. about 0.277

D) Overall Height about 1.484

E) Neck Height about 0.181

F) Crown Height about 0.154

G) Body Wall Thickness about 0.043

H) Body Diameter about 0.659

T) Top Height about 0.335

In some embodiments, the applicator may deliver a dose of the blendedvaccine formulation 600 with one (1) squeeze or at most two (2)squeezes. Residual volumes, e.g., the volume of formulation 600remaining after application to the animal's mouth, are kept to aminimum, for example, less than about 15% of the original volume offormulation 600, or less than about 14%, or less than about 13%, or lessthan about 12%, or less than about 11%, or less than about 10%, or lessthan about 9%, or less than about 8%, or less than about 7%, or lessthan about 6%, or less than about 5%, or less than about 4%, or lessthan about 3%, or less than about 2% or less than about 1% residualvolume. In some embodiments, two squeezes leave less than about 4%residual volume and 1 squeeze leaves less than about 15%.

In some embodiments, the applicator stem is designed to complement theshape of the mouth of the animal to be vaccinated. For example, a longstem can improve ergonomics and facilitate administration. In someembodiments, a long stem with appropriate flexibility, or a long gentlyangled stem may be employed.

In some embodiments, the applicator, particularly once the seal has beenbroken, may be used to administer vaccines to animals using only onehand. This applicator feature allows the user to hold and coax theanimal with one hand/arm, while administering vaccine with the otherhand. In particular embodiments, the applicator allows for one-hand,one-motion administration. Moreover, the applicator eliminates the needto inject the animal, thereby increasing safety for both the animal andthe person administering the vaccine.

The invention will now be described by the following set of non-limitingclaims.

What is claimed is:
 1. An applicator adapted to deliver a liquidcomposition to an animal per os, comprising a resilient and/or elongatedreservoir defining a longitudinal axis, an elongate, angled, hollow stemadapted to be inserted into the animal's mouth, the stem comprisingproximal and distal ends, the proximal end operably connected to and influid communication with the reservoir and the distal end adaptable toallow liquid to exit and enter the applicator; and wherein theapplicator is adapted to sealably contain a carrier liquid of the liquidcomposition to be dispensed to the animal.
 2. The applicator of claim 1wherein the distal end comprises a frangible seal.
 3. The applicator ofclaim 1 wherein a portion of the stem is angled with respect to the axisand wherein the portion of the stem defines a second axis.
 4. Theapplicator of claim 3 wherein the axis and the second axis define anangle theta (θ) wherein theta is from about 0 to about 40 degrees, withrespect to the longitudinal axis.
 5. The applicator of claim 4 whereintheta is from about 0 to about 35 degrees, or from about 15 to about 35degrees, or from about 20 to about 30 degrees, or about 25 degrees.
 6. Amethod of vaccinating an animal in need thereof comprising the steps of:providing an applicator according to claim 2; breaking the frangibleseal e.g., to allow a liquid carrier to be dispensed from theapplicator; optionally inserting the distal end into a vial containinglyophilized immunogen; dispensing the liquid carrier into the vial 402;sufficiently blending the liquid carrier and the lyophilized immunogento produce a blended vaccine formulation; optionally removing the distalend; compressing the resilient reservoir; optionally ensuring that thedistal end of the stem is open to the external environment; insertingthe open distal end into the vial such that the distal end is in fluidcommunication with the blended vaccine formulation; releasing thecompression of the resilient reservoir, thereby drawing up the blendedvaccine formulation through the stem, and optionally, into the resilientreservoir; inserting the distal end into the mouth of the animal to bevaccinated; compressing the resilient reservoir to administer theblended vaccine formulation inside the mouth of the animal.
 7. Themethod of claim 6 wherein the animal is a canine.
 8. The method of claim6 wherein the lyophilized immunogen induces immunity against a pathogenselected from the group consisting of: an influenza virus, aparainfluenza virus, a canine influenza virus, a bordetella virus, arabies virus a parvovirus, an adenovirus, and a distempter virus. 10.The method of claim 8 wherein the pathogen is a bordetella virus. 11.The method of claim 10 wherein the bordetella virus is a bordetellabronchiseptica virus.
 12. The method of claim 6 wherein the vial is asealed sterile 3 mL vial.
 13. The method of claim 6 wherein the liquidcarrier is about 3 mL of carrier liquid.
 14. The method of claim 6wherein the blended vaccine formulation is administered to a buccaland/or mucosal surface in the mouth.
 15. A kit comprising the applicatorof claim 1 and a vial of lyophilized immunogen.
 16. Use of theapplicator of claim 1 to vaccinate an animal in need thereof.
 17. Use ofthe kit of claim 15 to vaccinate an animal in need thereof.